Paper Trail Health

Health Propaganda, Exposed

Supplements

Dietary supplements, including nattokinase: who funded the studies and what they show.

Don't stop, replace, or delay any treatment without talking to your doctor.

Supplements · 2025-06-18 · WIRED (independent journalism), June 18, 2025

Sold on Amazon as creatine: lab test found 4 of 6 popular gummies had little or none

"Four of six popular creatine gummy products sold on Amazon contained almost no creatine or none at all when samples were tested by an independent lab." For one top-selling brand, two gummies "actually contained 0.005 gr…
Supplements · 2023-09-27 · Philips et al., Hepatology Communications, 2023

Ashwagandha-linked liver injury: case series of 8 patients from India

"Out of 23 patients with liver injury from ashwagandha (January 2019 to December 2022), we report 8 patients with single-ingredient formulation-related HILI." "Five patients had underlying chronic liver disease; 3 presen…
Supplements · 2022-08-19 · Chen et al., Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022

Nattokinase as a 'statin alternative'? The 1,062-person study, who ran it, and what it can't show

The authors report NK at 10,800 FU/day "effectively managed the progression of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia," with reduced carotid intima-media thickness and plaque size; "NK was found to be ineffective ... at a do…
Supplements · 2021-01-01 · Hodis et al. (University of Southern California), Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 2021

Nattokinase randomized trial: no effect on artery thickening over 3 years at 2,000 FU/day

"Annualized rate of change in CIMT and CAS did not significantly differ between nattokinase supplementation and placebo," and there was "no significant effect ... on blood pressure or any laboratory determination."…
Supplements · 2019-09-13 · Lopresti et al., Medicine (Baltimore), 2019

Ashwagandha's stress claims: the supporting trial was paid for by the extract's maker

The authors report that, compared with placebo, ashwagandha "was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the HAM-A (P = .040) and a near-significant reduction in the DASS-21 (P = .096)," plus greater red…
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